在Android上实现RTMP协议,需要使用第三方开源库librtmp。下面是使用librtmp实现Android中推拉流RTMP的步骤和注意事项。
1. 添加librtmp库
在项目的build.gradle文件中添加以下代码,导入librtmp库:
```
android {
// ...
defaultConfig {
// ...
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
// ...
arguments "-DLIBRTMP_PATH=path-to-librtmp-lib"
}
}
}
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
// ...
cppFlags "-std=c++11"
targetLinkLibraries "librtmp"
}
}
}
```
其中,`-DLIBRTMP_PATH=path-to-librtmp-lib`为librtmp库的路径。如果不知道路径可以使用以下命令在终端中查询:
```
sudo find / -name librtmp.so
```
2. 初始化RTMP客户端
在推拉流之前,需要先初始化RTMP客户端。初始化的方法为:
```
RTMP *rtmp = RTMP_Alloc();
RTMP_Init(rtmp);
```
其中,`RTMP_Alloc()`为分配RTMP客户端内存,`RTMP_Init()`为初始化RTMP客户端。
3. 打开RTMP连接
打开RTMP连接的方法为:
```
RTMP_SetupURL(rtmp, "rtmp://your-server-address/your-app-name/your-stream-name");
RTMP_EnableWrite(rtmp);
RTMP_Connect(rtmp, NULL);
RTMP_ConnectStream(rtmp, 0);
```
其中,`rtmp://your-server-address/your-app-name/your-stream-name`为要连接的RTMP服务地址,具体地址需要根据服务提供商网站中获取。
4. 推流
推流之前需要先开启视频、音频的编码器和推流线程。开启编码器的方法因使用的编码器而异,接下来以x264作为例子讲解。开启x264编码器有以下步骤:
1. 初始化x264编码器:
```
x264_param_t param;
x264_param_default_preset(¶m, "ultrafast", "zerolatency");
param.i_width = width;
param.i_height = height;
param.i_fps_num = fps;
param.i_fps_den = 1;
param.i_keyint_max = fps * 2;
param.b_repeat_headers = 1;
param.i_csp = X264_CSP_I420;
x264_t *x264_encoder = x264_encoder_open(¶m);
```
其中,`width`和`height`为视频画面的宽度和高度,`fps`为视频的帧率。
2. 准备输入和输出Buffer:
```
x264_picture_t pic_in, pic_out;
x264_picture_alloc(&pic_in, X264_CSP_I420, width, height);
int out_size = width * height * 3 / 2;
uint8_t *out_buffer = new uint8_t[out_size];
memset(out_buffer, 0, out_size);
pic_out.img.plane[0] = out_buffer;
pic_out.img.plane[1] = out_buffer + width * height;
pic_out.img.plane[2] = out_buffer + width * height * 5 / 4;
pic_out.img.i_plane = 3;
```
3. 开启推流线程:
```
std::thread push_thread([this, x264_encoder, &pic_in, &pic_out]() {
// 开始推流
while (running) {
// 编码一帧数据
x264_nal_t *nal;
int i_nal;
if (x264_encoder_encode(x264_encoder, &nal, &i_nal, &pic_in, &pic_out) < 0) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
continue;
}
// 发送一帧数据
for (int i = 0; i < i_nal; ++i) {
RTMPPacket packet;
RTMPPacket_Alloc(&packet, out_size);
RTMPPacket_Reset(&packet);
packet.m_nPayloadType = 9;
packet.m_nChannel = 0x04;
packet.m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_LARGE;
packet.m_nTimeStamp = RTMP_GetTime() - start_time;
packet.m_nInfoField2 = rtmp->m_stream_id;
packet.m_nBodySize = nal[i].i_payload;
memcpy(packet.m_body, nal[i].p_payload, packet.m_nBodySize);
if (RTMP_IsConnected(rtmp)) {
RTMP_SendPacket(rtmp, &packet, 0);
}
RTMPPacket_Free(&packet);
}
}
});
```
其中,`running`为标记是否正在运行,`start_time`为开始推流的时间戳。
5. 拉流
拉流的过程相比推流要稍微简单一些。打开RTMP连接与推流一样,这里不再赘述。接下来讲解拉流的步骤:
1. 初始化解码器:
```
AMediaCodec *video_decoder = AMediaCodec_createDecoderByType("video/avc");
AMediaFormat *input_format = AMediaFormat_new();
AMediaFormat_setString(input_format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME, "video/avc");
AMediaFormat_setInt32(input_format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_WIDTH, width);
AMediaFormat_setInt32(input_format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HEIGHT, height);
AMediaFormat_setByteBuffer(input_format, "csd-0", csd_data, csd_size);
AMediaCodec_configure(video_decoder, input_format, ANativeWindow_getWidth(surface), ANativeWindow_getHeight(surface), 0);
ANativeWindow *window = ANativeWindow_fromSurface(env, surface);
AMediaCodec_start(video_decoder);
```
其中,`csd_data`和`csd_size`为H264的SPS、PPS数据,需要在连接成功后从RTMP服务端获取。
2. 循环读取RTMP数据,解码并渲染:
```
while (running) {
AMediaCodec_flush(video_decoder);
while (AMediaCodec_dequeueInputBuffer(video_decoder, input_index, 200 * 1000) < 0) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
}
const int64_t kTimeoutUs = 100000;
uint8_t *input_buffer = AMediaCodec_getInputBuffer(video_decoder, input_index, &input_size);
int ret = RTMP_Read(rtmp, input_buffer, input_size);
if (ret <= 0) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
continue;
}
AMediaCodec_queueInputBuffer(video_decoder, input_index, 0, input_size, RTMP_GetTime() - start_time, 0);
AMediaCodecBufferInfo info;
status_t result = AMediaCodec_dequeueOutputBuffer(video_decoder, &info, kTimeoutUs);
while (result >= 0) {
AMediaCodec_flush(video_decoder);
if (result == AMEDIACODEC_INFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGED) {
auto output_format = AMediaCodec_getOutputFormat(video_decoder);
ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(window, AMediaFormat_getInt32(output_format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_WIDTH), AMediaFormat_getInt32(output_format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HEIGHT), WINDOW_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
} else if (result >= 0) {
auto output_buffer = AMediaCodec_getOutputBuffer(video_decoder, result, &output_size);
ANativeWindow_lock(window, &window_buffer, NULL);
memcpy(window_buffer.bits, output_buffer, output_size);
ANativeWindow_unlockAndPost(window);
AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBuffer(video_decoder, result, true);
}
result = AMediaCodec_dequeueOutputBuffer(video_decoder, &info, kTimeoutUs);
}
}
```
其中,`input_index`为输入的Buffer索引,`input_size`为缓冲区大小,`output_size`为输出Buffer的大小,`window_buffer`为ANativeWindow的缓冲区。
注意事项:
1. 需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加相应的权限。
2. librtmp库需要使用正确的版本和编译参数,否则会出现链接错误。
3. 推流时需要注意编码器的设置和帧率的控制,如果帧率过高会导致推流卡顿和延迟。
4. 拉流时需要注意解码器的缓存大小和渲染的速度,如果缓存太小会导致卡顿和画面不流畅。
综上所述,通过使用第三方库librtmp,在Android中实现RTMP协议的推拉流功能是可行的,但需要注意一些细节和注意事项,才能保证程序的稳定性和性能。