Android Treble refers to a modular architecture introduced in Android 8.0 (Oreo) that aims to make it easier and faster for manufacturers to deliver software updates to Android devices. It separates the Android operating system framework from the device-specific vendor implementation, allowing the vendor implementation to be updated without requiring a full OS update. This helps in reducing the dependency between the device drivers and the Android OS framework, making it easier for manufacturers to release updates and improve the overall software update experience for Android devices.